The electrolyte is a key component in batteries, with properties that have far-reaching effects on the battery performance. Yet, according to general design principles of the electrolyte, operation under such harsh environments seems infeasible. In response, battery communities are scrambling to develop new concepts and theories.
To be practically useful, an electrolyte must simultaneously possess a number of key properties, including high Li + conductivity and transference number, low viscosity, and compatibility with the battery’s positive and negative electrodes. (1) The latter requirement, that electrolytes must be stable at both electrodes, is especially challenging.
Recently reported high-entropy electrolytes well showcase the feasibility and potential of entropy tuning in realizing a battery able to work under extreme conditions. 9,10,11 Yet, the underlying correlations between electrolyte entropy and the physicochemical properties of electrolytes are still poorly understood.
In advanced polymer-based solid-state lithium-ion batteries, gel polymer electrolytes have been used, which is a combination of both solid and polymeric electrolytes. The use of these electrolytes enhanced the battery performance and generated potential up to 5 V.
At the same time, for electrolytes subjected to high temperatures, high-entropy liquid electrolytes can enhance the stability of the electrolyte by mitigating the involvement of solvent side reaction.
Prior to electrolysis, the electrolyte is adjusted to a pH of 2 with sulfuric acid to facilitate the process. During electrolysis, Li + deintercalates from the NCM cathode and enters the electrolyte, and a small amount of dissolved Ni 2+, Co 2+, and Mn 2+ form a hydroxide precipitate in the cathode chamber.
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