Engineering Light Lithium Battery

What are lithium ion batteries?

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have nowadays become outstanding rechargeable energy storage devices with rapidly expanding fields of applications due to convenient features like high energy density, high power density, long life cycle and not having memory effect.

What are the applications of lithium-ion batteries?

The applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widespread including electric vehicles (EVs) and hybridelectric vehicles (HEVs) because of their lucrative characteristics such as high energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, high power density, low self-discharge, and the absence of memory effect [, , ].

Is there a design principle for lithium batteries?

However, there is still no overall and systematic design principle, which covers key factors and reflects crucial relationships for lithium batteries design toward different energy density classes. Such a lack of design principle impedes the fast optimization and quantification of materials, components, and battery structures.

How can high-energy-density lithium batteries be designed?

Noticeably, there are two critical trends that can be drawn toward the design of high-energy-density lithium batteries. First, lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) will play a central role as cathode materials in boosting the energy density of lithium batteries.

Could ultrahigh-energy-density lithium batteries be a foundational concept?

This design could serve as the foundational concept for the upcoming ultrahigh-energy-density lithium batteries. An extreme design of lithium batteries replies a significantly high mass percentage of the cathode material. The higher energy density of cathode materials will result in a higher energy density of the cell [24, 33].

How to determine the energy density of lithium batteries?

In the laboratory or in the upstream area of battery manufacturing, it is often the case that the performance obtained from coin cells tested in the laboratory is used to estimate the energy density of lithium batteries. The exact energy densities of lithium batteries should be obtained based on pouch cells or even larger batteries.